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Italian cruiser Calabria : ウィキペディア英語版 | Italian cruiser Calabria
''Calabria'' was a small protected cruiser built for the Italian ''Regia Marina'' (Royal Navy) in the 1890s, intended for service in Italy's overseas empire. She was laid down in 1892, launched in 1894, and completed in 1897, and was armed with a main battery of four and four guns. ''Calabria'' spent significant periods abroad, ranging from deployments to Chinese, North American, and Australian waters, in addition to periods in Italy's East African empire. She saw action during the Italo-Turkish War in 1912 in the Red Sea, primarily bombarding Turkish ports in the area. ''Calabria'' was reclassified as a gunboat in 1921, reduced to a training ship in 1924, and sold for scrap at the end of the year. ==Design== ''Calabria'' was designed by the Chief Engineer, Edoardo Masdea, and was intended for overseas service. She had a steel hull sheathed with wood and zinc to protect it from fouling during lengthy deployments abroad. The hull was long between perpendiculars and long overall. It had a beam of and a draft of . Her normal displacement was but increased to at full load. ''Calabria'' had a crew of between 214 and 254 officers and enlisted crew.〔Gardiner, p. 350〕〔"Italy", p. 46〕 The cruiser was powered by two-shaft vertical triple-expansion engines with steam supplied by four coal-fired, cylindrical water-tube boilers that were trunked into a single funnel amidships. The engines had an output of and produced a top speed of . ''Calabria'' had a cruising radius of about at a speed of .〔〔 ''Calabria'' was armed with a main battery of four L/40 guns and four L/40 guns, all mounted individually.〔L/40 refers to the length of the gun in terms of caliber.〕 Light armaments included eight L/40 guns, eight L/20 guns, and a pair of machine guns. She was also equipped with a pair of torpedo tubes. Armor protection consisted of a thick deck; her conning tower also received 50 mm of steel plating.〔
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